Hapkido Force SAMBO

SAMBO

Russia

Name

SAMBO

Birth Place

Russia

Characteristics

The Georgian Chitaoba, Armenia, self-defence of Tadzhikistan and Uzbekistan, Mongol Ssireum of Mongolia and Jujitsu and Judo of Brazil formed the foundation of Sambo.

Origin

The Physical Education and Sport Committee of the former Soviet Union created a new self-defence system classifying the above self-defence into the folk martial art 1938 and called it "Sambo"

Major Skill

Synthesized martial art including Maechigee and Gutheegee of Judo, Shurplex and Tackle of wrestling and Darigutheegee of Judo.

Representative organizations

International SAMBO Federation(former FIAS) / Member States : 85

Major Event

Synthesized martial art including Maechigee and Gutheegee of Judo, Shurplex and Tackle of wrestling and Darigutheegee of Judo.

Uniform

A red or blue jacket kurtka, a belt and shorts of the same color, and sambovki (Sambo shoes).

Styles

roughly divided into Sport Sambo and Combat Sambo

 ■ Origin

The world of sports got to know of a unique martial art, “unarmed self-defense”, in the 20-30s of the past century. The formation of SAMBO just as any other sport involved the participation of many people. However, such specialists as V.S. Oschepkov, V.A. Spiridonov,A.A. Harlampiev are the key figures. These dedicated fans of SAMBO gained experience and knowledge, set up classes, popularised sport. They realised the importance of self-defense skills for not only athletes or soldiers, but also for common people.

SAMBO official birth date is considered to be November 16, 1938, when the All-Union Committee on Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR Order No. 633 “On the Development of Free Style Wrestling” was issued. As for the name of SAMBO, it was first mentioned in the book by V.A.Spiridonov “Unarmed Self-Defense (Training and Competition)” published in 1928. However, the abbreviation didn’t catch on at once: the expression “free style wrestling” was commonly used for some time. The first tournament took place November 23-25, 1939 in Leningrad at Red Star Stadium. Time passed by, and the martial art officially received its present name at spring couch meeting in 1947. The USSR SAMBO Federation was founded the same year.

■ Multidimensional nature

SAMBO is a universal martial art. It is based on many sports and national types of

wrestling, as well as various self-defense systems. SAMBO harmoniously incorporates lots of elements of such types of martial art as French wrestling, Japanese wrestling “judo”, Azerbaijanian“güləş”, Moldavian “trynte”, French boxing “savate”, Dagestanian national wrestling, ancient Japanese “jiu-jitsu”, Mongolian “bukh barilda”, Chinese “shuai jiao”, Armenian “kokh”, Tivinian “hapsagai”, Georgian “chidaoba”, etc.

■ International recognition

Over the years, SAMBO entered the international scene and received recognition abroad.

1956 – renowned wrestlers G. Schultz and A. Karaschuk made a demonstration of SAMBO at the prestigious World Exposition in Brussels.

In 1957, a friendly match between Hungarian and Soviet athletes took place.

1963 – SAMBO Association in Japan was established. In 1966, the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) officially recognised SAMBO as an international sport wrestling and decided on regular international competitions in this sport.

1967 – the First International Tournament took place in Riga with participation of Bulgaria, the USSR, Mongolia, Yugoslavia and Japan representatives.

In 1972, first open European SAMBO Championship took place in the same city. Athletes from 8 countries participated in it. 1973 – the first World Championship which became an arena for SAMBO practitioners from 11 countries took place in Teheran. Since 1977, SAMBO World Cup has been held. 1979 – along with World Championships for adults, Junior World Championships have been conducted. Since 1983, Women’s World Championships have been held. 1984 – FILA Assembly decided to establish an independent SAMBO Federation (FIAS). The Spaniard Fernando Conte was elected FIAS President. In the following years, SAMBO development constantly gathered pace; the martial art gained more supporters. In 2007, the World Championship in Prague received 332 athletes from 43 countries. XXXI World Championship went down in history as the first tournament that united sport and martial competitions within a single championship.

In September 2010, SAMBO international recognition was further confirmed by inclusion into the First SportAccord World Combat Games in Beijing.

■ SAMBO today

In 1968, the FILA accepted Sambo as the third style of international wrestling. In 1985, the Sambo community formed its own organization, Federation International Amateur Sambo (FIAS). In 1993, FIAS split into two organizations, both of which used the same name and logo and the two groups were often referred to as FIAS "East" (under Russian control) and FIAS "West" (under US and Western European control). This split mirrored the last days of Cold War politics of the time as well as the recent break-up of the Soviet Union. In the U.S., disagreements between the sport's organizers and the rise of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in the 1990s slowed down the growth of Sambo before the success of several Sambo fighters increased its popularity a decade later.[12] In 2005, FILA reached an agreement with FIAS "West" and re-assumed sanctioning over sport Sambo.[13] However, in 2008, FILA again discontinued sanctioning sambo and sambo is now notably missing from the FILA website.[14] At present, only FIAS sanctions international competition in sport and combat sambo, however these are unrecognised by FILA. Rumours rising in 2012 stating that Sambo will be included as a demonstration sport in the 2016 Olympics are therefore not supported by any facts, and thus Sambo is still a very long way from maturing into an Olympic sport, notwithstanding the effort that is being put into the matter. World Sambo Championships, Sambo major events have been held almost every year from 1973 up to now and next year it is about to take place the 37th championship.

■ Uniform 

A Sambo practitioner normally wears either a red or blue jacket kurtka, a belt and shorts of the same color, and sambovki (Sambo shoes). The Sambo uniform does not reflect rank or competitive rating. Sport rules require an athlete to have both red and blue sets to visually distinguish competitors on the mat.

■ Styles

Versions of Sambo: Although it was originally a single system, there are now four generally recognized versions of Sambo

Sport Sambo (Borba Sambo).8u

is stylistically similar to amateur wrestling or Judo. The competition is similar to Judo, but with some differences in rules, protocol, and uniform. For example, in contrast with Judo, Sambo allows all types of leg locks, while not allowing chokeholds.

Self-defense Sambo ...more

is similar to Aikijutsu, jujutsu or Aikido, and is based on self-defense application, such as defending against attacks by both armed and unarmed attackers. Many practitioners consider Self-Defense Sambo as part of Combat Sambo and not a system unto itself.

Combat Sambo (Boyevoye Sambo) ...more

Utilized and developed for the military, this is arguably the root of Sambo as it is now known, and includes practice with weapons and disarming techniques. Competition in combat sambo resembles older forms of judo and modern mixed martial arts, including extensive forms of striking and grappling. The first FIAS World Sambo Championships were held in 2001.

Special Sambo ...more

developed for Army Special Forces and Rapid Reaction Police (Militsija) teams and other law enforcement formations. The “Special Sambo” version differ from team to team due to different tasks and aims, however the base of any special system developed in that field is of course Sambo. The term “Special Sambo” is a relatively new term which refers to specialized versions of combat sambo.

Freestyle Sambo ...more

Uniquely American Set of competitive sambo rules created by the American Sambo Association (ASA) in 2004. These rules differ from traditional sport sambo in that they allow choke holds and other submissions from combat sambo that are not permitted in sport sambo. Freestyle Sambo, like all sambo, focuses on throwing skill and fast ground work. No strikes are permitted in Freestyle Sambo. The ASA created this rule set in order to encourage non-sambo practitioners from judo and jujutsu to participate in sambo events.

※ However, there are three FIAS recognized competitive sport variations of Sambo : Sport Sambo, Combat Sambo, Freestyle Sambo

■ Ranking

In Russia, a competitive rating system is used rather than belt colors like judo and jiujitsu to demonstrate rank, though some schools around the world now institute belt colors as well. The system is called Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR with the highest athletic distinction known as the Distinguished Masters of Sport in Sambo.

Examination requirements vary depending on the age group and can vary from country to country. The examination itself includes competitive accomplishment as well as technical demonstration of knowledge. Higher-level exams must be supervised by independent judges from a national Sambo association. For a rating to be recognized, it must be registered with the national Sambo organization.

All sport practitioners are promoted by 'razryad'. Each rank consists of three razryads, the 1st being the highest.

■ SAMBO International Federation (FIAS)

    (http://www.sambo-fias.org/)

SAMBO International Federation (FIAS) is a non-governmental public non-commercial organization, uniting national SAMBO federations. FIAS is the only recognised international organization being in charge of the development of SAMBO in the world.

FIAS has almost a 30-year history. The full name of the organisation originally stated the “International Amateur Federation of SAMBO” (FIAS (Fr.) – Federation Internationale Amateur de SAMBO). By the example of many international sporting organisations the word “Amateur” was removed from the name of the Federation in 2011, however, the FIAS abbreviation remained unchanged.

During the whole period of its existence FIAS has been carrying out serious work thanks to which people in more than 80 countries on all the planet’s continents became the fans of SAMBO. Every year the increasing number of countries establishes even more sections and clubs as well as holds national championships in SAMBO.

In the absolute majority of countries developing SAMBO there function national federations being members of FIAS. They get extensive support from our organisation, in this respect the recognition of all the national federations by the National Olympic Committees of the respective countries is at present one of the key priorities of FIAS.

Every year more than 30 major SAMBO competitions are held at the international level under the aegis of FIAS. The most important ones among them are the World Championship as well as the World Championship among Juniors and Youth. Furthermore, SAMBO is included into the official program of the World Martial Arts games SportAccord and the World Summer Universiade 2013 on par with Olympic sports.

International success of SAMBO over the recent decades conclusively proves that this combat sport has a promising future. Such achievements allow setting an ambitious goal for SAMBO: to become an Olympic event. That’s why it is so indicative that the FIAS headquarters is located in Swiss Lausanne - the city called the Olympic capital of the world.

It is also worth mentioning that the International Federation of SAMBO is even now a full-fledged member of such international organisations as SportAccord, TAFISA (Association for International Sports for All) and WADA (World Anti-Dote Agency). It should be particularly mentioned that the conduction of the anti-dote policy is
HHugo Cascia

an extremely important part of FIAS’s work which the organisation pays close attention to.

The development of mass media’s interest to SAMBO promotes the increase of popularity of this kind of sport as well as the increase of viewing audience at the competitions. FIAS closely interacts with AIPS (International Sports Press Association), as well as EBU (European Broadcast Union). All the official competition events of FIAS always hit the headlines.

International Federation of SAMBO constantly carries out different projects and programs on the development of this combat sport. The workshops and other training events among them should be especially mentioned. In addition, FIAS strives for the development of all possible SAMBO trends: for children and youth, men and women, oldsters and handicapped people, for special services/intelligence agencies, as well as fitness-SAMBO and beach SAMBO.

The activities of FIAS are directed to the major distribution of SAMBO all over the world and promotion thereof, as well as attraction of a bigger number of like-minded people under the banner of this combat sport. After all, SAMBO, the abbreviation of which stands for “self-defense without weapon”, is not alone engrossing kind of sport but also the useful-in-everyday-life one.

■ Membership of WoMAU - Federation Saint-Petersburg SAMBO

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